Predicting Recurrence of Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma Using Circulating Tumor Cell–Free DNA Whole-Genome Mutational Signatures

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Although for stage IA, LUAD surgery is often curative, recurrence rates remain significant. Liquid biopsy enables monitoring residual disease and predicts recurrence; however, utility in stage IA LUAD is not well established. Tumor-informed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) represents a highly sensitive liquid biopsy method for the analysis of circulating tumor cell–free DNA (ctDNA) without designing and maintaining patient-specific probes.